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In the present days, acne is one of the leading causes of concern. Four major factors that influence acne are excess oil production, clogged skin pores, P.acne (bacteria causing acne) and inflammation. Varieties of clinically proven drugs & treatments are prescribed by dermatologist. These drugs show mild to severe side effects & hence should be monitored by qualified healthcare professionals.

1. Topical Antimicrobials: they are preferred in mild to moderately severe acne and are used alone or in combination with other drugs. Azelaic acid: it acts by dropping the masses of P. acne, restricts the irregular flaking of skin cells and also reduces inflammation.

Benzoyl peroxide: It eradicates P. acne with limited or no anti-inflammatory properties.

Clindamycin: it decreases the count of P. acne in the targeted region and lessens inflammation.

Erythromycin: Topical erythromycins possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. To get double effect of anti microbial activity, erythromycin is usually combined with benzoyl peroxide.

Sodium sulfacetamide: Acts by inhibiting P.acnes and opening clogged pores, sodium sulfacetamide has also shown effects in inflammatory acnes.

2. Oral Antibiotics: One of the core treatments used for acne, antibiotics act by reducing bacterial population on the skin and reduce inflammation. Treatment with antibiotics starts with higher dose and is reduced over the time period. Dermatologists usually combine an oral antibiotic with benzoyl peroxide to decrease the chance of developing resistance towards antibiotics. Common antibiotics used are:

Erythromycin: Broad spectrum antibiotic with common side effect of G.I irritation

Tetracycline and derivatives: Tetracycline's reduce inflammatory lesions created by acne. They usually possess various side effects and should not be used on children's below 8 years of age and pregnant or breast feeding women's. Two commonly used synthetic derivatives of tetracycline are aredoxycycline and minocycline.

3. Topical Retinoids: Retinoids are derivatives of Vitamin A and are considered as foundation in Acne treatment. They are generally prescribed in mild to moderately severe acnes. Retinoids work by unclogging pores and prevent formation of whiteheads and blackheads on the skin. Common retinoids prescribed are Adapalene, Tazarotene & Tretinoin

4. Oral contraceptives: Spironolactone (synthetic steroid) has shown effects by suppressing overactive sebaceous glands. Use of these medications should be restricted in women who smoke, have complained in the past of blood-clotting disorders, are older than 35 or experienced migraine headaches.

5. Acne surgery: Drainage and Surgical Excision are the most common types of acne surgeries used in dermatologist acne treatment. These techniques are used when cyst do not respond to medications and can lead to further inflammation or infection. Other cosmetic procedures used are chemical peels and microdermabrasion.

Along with traditional methods there are other potential dermatologist acne treatments like laser and light therapies used for chronic and enduring acne. These advanced techniques work by penetrating in deep layers of skin without damaging surface of skin. These therapies have also shown improvement in skin texture & lessen the appearance of scar. Commonly used laser and light therapies include blue light therapy, Pulsed light and heat energy therapy & Diode laser therapy.

NewYork Dermatologist